Imaging cases #chest n°4

Shortness of breath and left-sided chest discomfort



  1. Findings : 
    1. moderate, left pleural effusion 
    2. diffuse bilateral fine reticular opacities, with normal or even slightly increased lung volumes
    3. bilateral, diffuse, thin-walled small-to-medium lung parenchyma cysts and a few scattered soft-tissue nodules.  
  2. Differential diagnosis : 
    1. Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis : unlikely since the cysts are nearly uniform and no smoking history is given, 
    2. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia : unlikely  since the patient is not immunocompromised and no ground-glass attenuation is present, 
    3. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia : unlikely  Given a large cystic burden and the lack of any history suggesting collagen vascular diseases (such as Sjögren syndrome) or immune deficiency disorders (such as human immune deficiency viral infection),
    4. Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome : unlikely Since the cysts are small and diffusely distributed,  
    5. Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) or LAM with tuberous sclerosis (TS) should be the major considerations : Since the cystic lung disease is seen together with a pleural effusion, and the patient is a female, 
  3. Final diagnosis :  Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) or LAM with tuberous sclerosis (TS)



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